文献：Conen D et al.Smoking, Smoking Status, and Risk for Symptomatic Peripheral Artery Disease in Women: A Cohort Study.Ann Intern Med. 2011 Jun 7;154(11):719-26.
心血管疾患のない女性3万9825人を対象に、喫煙と症候性末梢動脈疾患（PAD）リスクの関連をコホート研究で調査。中央値12.7年の追跡期間後、178人でPAD発症を認めた。非喫煙群に対する、以前喫煙していた群、15本未満/日の現喫煙群、15本以上/日の現喫煙群の症候性PADの調整後ハザード比は、それぞれ3.14、8.93、16.95だった。
Smoking, Smoking Status, and Risk for Symptomatic Peripheral Artery Disease in Women
A Cohort Study
1.. From University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard School of Public Health, and Veterans Affairs Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; and INSERM Unit 708?Neuroepidemiology and University Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.
Abstract
Background: Smoking has a well-documented detrimental effect on risk for myocardial infarction and stroke, but less information is available regarding peripheral artery disease (PAD), particularly among women.
Objective: To prospectively assess the association of current smoking status, cumulative smoking exposure, and smoking cessation with incident symptomatic PAD in women.
Design: Prospective cohort study.
Setting: U.S. female health care professionals in the Women's Health Study.
Participants: 39 825 women with no cardiovascular disease who were prospectively followed for a median of 12.7 years.
Measurements: Incidence of symptomatic PAD. Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare PAD risk across smoking categories.
Results: 178 confirmed PAD events occurred. Across the 4 smoking categories (never, former, <15 cigarettes/d, and ?15 cigarettes/d), age-adjusted incidence rates were 0.12, 0.34, 0.95, and 1.63 per 1000 person-years of follow-up, respectively. Multivariate adjustment had little effect on this relationship (adjusted hazard ratios [HRs], 3.14 [95% CI, 2.01 to 4.90], 8.93 [CI, 5.02 to 15.89], and 16.95 [CI, 10.77 to 26.67], respectively, vs. women who never smoked). Additional adjustment for high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 levels among women with available blood samples (28 314 participants, 117 events) attenuated risk estimates (HR, 5.58 [CI, 2.61 to 11.93] for smoking <15 cigarettes/d and 9.52 [CI, 5.17 to 17.53] for smoking ?15 cigarettes/d). Lifetime exposure showed a strong dose?response relationship; fully adjusted HRs for smoking abstinence of fewer than 10, 10 to 29, and 30 or more pack-years were 2.52 (CI, 1.49 to 4.25), 6.75 (CI, 4.33 to 10.52), and 11.09 (CI, 6.94 to 17.72), respectively. Compared with current smokers, the adjusted HRs for fewer than 10 years, 10 to 20 years, more than 20 years, or lifelong abstinence were 0.39 (CI, 0.24 to 0.66), 0.28 (CI, 0.17 to 0.46), 0.16 (CI, 0.10 to 0.26), and 0.08 (CI, 0.05 to 0.12), respectively.
Limitation: The use of symptomatic PAD as the a priori primary end point excludes asymptomatic disease.
Conclusion: Among initially healthy women, smoking is a potent risk factor for symptomatic PAD and was associated with subclinical inflammation. Smoking cessation substantially reduces risk for PAD, but an increased occurrence of PAD persists even among former smokers who maintain abstinence.
Primary Funding Source: The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and National Cancer Institute.
